利用堆石混凝土替代浆砌石实施坝体施工的技术难点与应用前景分析

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利用堆石混凝土替代砂浆砌筑技术实施浆砌石坝体施工，提高了坝体施工的机械化程度，加
快了施工进度；减少了人为因素影响，对保证工程质量有利。但通过现场测试取得的堆石混凝土抗剪
断指标很少，当前一般参照浆砌石坝体的相关抗剪经验资料进行工程设计，可能导致坝体断面不尽合
理；施工中如何保证石料的上坝质量和强度、确保上下层面的衔接质量、机械上料对已完坝体不产生
较大不利影响等是堆石混凝土代替浆砌石在坝体施工中得以推广的关键。
关键词：自密实混凝土；堆石混凝土；浆砌石坝；应用前景
中图分类号：TV641．43 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1000·0860(2010)07—0049·05
Analysis on technical difficulties and application prospect of dam construction with
rock-filled concrete ins tead of masonry
ZHANG Lei
(Shanxi Water Resources＆Hydropower Construction Supervision Company，Taiyuan 030002，Shanxi，China)
Abstract：The meehanisation of the masonry dam construction has been enhanced by replacing the masonry technique with the
technique of rock-fiUed concrete，which call speed up the constru ction progress，decreas e the impacts from the human factors and
then ensure the construction quality． However，less shear strength indexes of the rock—filled concrete are obtmned through the site
test concerned，and then the en~neefing design of the rock—filled concrete construction has to be made with the reference from the
relevant shear strength data of the construction of masonry dam ，which will lead to an unreasonable design of the dam section．
Furthermore，how to ensure the quali~ and strength of the rock material for the dam construction and the quality of the jointment
between both the upper an d lower layers，whether there is any larger impacts from the mechan ical feeding of the construction ma—
terial on the completed part of the dam body，etc． are all the key links to replace the masonry~chmque wi th the technique of
rock．filled concrete for the dam construction．
Key words：self-compacting concrete(SCC)；rock-filled concrete(RFC)；masonry dam；application prospect
1 自密实混凝土与堆石混凝土
自密实混凝土 (Self-Compacting Concrete，简称
SCC)是指拌和物具有很高的流动性、在浇筑过程中，
不容易发生离析、泌水现象，无须振捣而自动充满模
板和包裹钢筋的一种高性能混凝土，属于高流动混凝
土的高端部分。
堆石混凝土技术是利用自密实混凝土优良的流
动性、免振捣、自密实性能充填堆石体孔隙后，形
Waterl~e$ol4rce$and Hydropower Engineering Vo1．41 No 7
成的一种致密的混凝土。主要工序为：一定粒径的
石料直接进仓、堆积一注满自密实混凝土拌和物。
用于堆石混凝土工程施工的自密实混凝土材料一
般包括水、水泥、粉煤灰、粗骨料、细骨料、高
效减水剂等。根据需要，还可填加抗离析剂或增
稠剂、早强剂或早强型外加剂，以提高其稳定性